Functional adaptations of the transcriptome to mastitis-causing pathogens: the mammary gland and beyond.

TitleFunctional adaptations of the transcriptome to mastitis-causing pathogens: the mammary gland and beyond.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2011
AuthorsLoor, JJ, Moyes, KM, Bionaz, M
JournalJ Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia
Volume16
Issue4
Pagination305-22
Date Published2011 Dec
ISSN1573-7039
KeywordsAdaptation, Physiological, Animals, Bacterial Infections, Cattle, Female, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Mammary Glands, Human, Mastitis, Transcriptome
Abstract

Application of microarrays to the study of intramammary infections in recent years has provided a wealth of fundamental information on the transcriptomics adaptation of tissue/cells to the disease. Due to its heavy toll on productivity and health of the animal, in vivo and in vitro transcriptomics works involving different mastitis-causing pathogens have been conducted on the mammary gland, primarily on livestock species such as cow and sheep, with few studies in non-ruminants. However, the response to an infectious challenge originating in the mammary gland elicits systemic responses in the animal and encompasses tissues such as liver and immune cells in the circulation, with also potential effects on other tissues such as adipose. The susceptibility of the animal to develop mastitis likely is affected by factors beyond the mammary gland, e.g. negative energy balance as it occurs around parturition. Objectives of this review are to discuss the use of systems biology concepts for the holistic study of animal responses to intramammary infection; providing an update of recent work using transcriptomics to study mammary and peripheral tissue (i.e. liver) as well as neutrophils and macrophage responses to mastitis-causing pathogens; discuss the effect of negative energy balance on mastitis predisposition; and analyze the bovine and murine mammary innate-immune responses during lactation and involution using a novel functional analysis approach to uncover potential predisposing factors to mastitis throughout an animal's productive life.

DOI10.1007/s10911-011-9232-2
Alternate JournalJ Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia
PubMed ID21968536